Microsoft Interview Questions (Part - III)

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                     PART - I>>          PART - II>>
51. What are your geographical preferences?

52. What are your expectations from the job.

53. Give a good data structure for having n queues (n not fixed) in a finite memory segment. You can have some data-structure separate for each   queue. Try to use at least 90% of the memory space.

54. Do a breadth first traversal of a tree. (print a tree level by level, each   level in a different line)

56. Write, efficient code for extracting unique elements from a sorted list of   array.  e.g. (1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 9, 9, 9, 9) -> (1, 3, 5, 9).
 (Devise at least two different methods)

57. C++ ( what is virtual function ? what happens if an error occurs in constructor or destructor.
Discussion on error handling, templates, unique features of C++.
What is different in C++, ( compare with unix).

58. Given a list of numbers (fixed list) Now given any other list, how can you efficiently find out if there is any element in the second list that is an element of the first list (fixed list).

60. If you are on a boat and you throw out a suitcase, will the level of water increase?

62. write C code for deleting an element from a linked list (C++) traversing a linked list. Efficient way of eliminating duplicates from an array.
63. What are various problems unique to distributed databases?

64. declare a void pointer
     a)      void    *ptr;

65. make the pointer aligned to a 4 byte boundary in a efficient manner
    a)    Assign the pointer to a long number and the number with 11...1100 add 4 to the number

66. what is  a far pointer (in DOS)

67. what is  a balanced tree?

68. given a linked list with the following property
     node2 is left child of node1, if node2 < node1
     else, it is the right child.
    O P

    |

    |

    O A

    |

    |

    O B

    |

    |

    O C
    How do you convert the above linked list to the form without disturbing the property. Write C code for that.

           O P

           |

           |

           O B

              / \

             /   \

            /     \

           O ?     O ?
determine where do A and C go

69. Describe the file system layout in the UNIX OS
     a)  describe boot block, super block, inodes and data layout

70. In UNIX, are the files allocated contiguous blocks of data
     a)      no, they might be fragmented how is the fragmented data kept track of.
     a) describe the direct blocks and indirect blocks in UNIX file system

71. Write an efficient C code for 'tr' program.  'tr' has two command line arguments. They both are strings of same length. tr reads an input file, replaces each character in the first string with the corresponding character in the second string. eg. 'tr abc xyz' replaces all 'a's by 'x's, 'b's by 'y's and so on.
 a)      have an array of length 26.
         put 'x' in array element corr to 'a'
         put 'y' in array element corr to 'b'
         put 'z' in array element corr to 'c'
         put 'd' in array element corr to 'd'
         put 'e' in array element corr to 'e'
         and so on.
    the code
       while (!eof)
       {
           c = getc();
           putc(array[c - 'a']);
       }

72. what is disk interleaving?

73. why is disk interleaving adopted?

74. given a new disk, how do you determine which interleaving is the best
     a)      give 1000 read operations with each kind of interleaving
         determine the best interleaving from the statistics

75. draw the graph with performace on one axis and 'n' on another, where 'n' in the 'n' in n-way disk interleaving.

76. A real life problem - A square picture is cut into 16 squares and they are shuffled.  Write a program to rearrange the 16 squares to get the original big square. (backtracking)

 78. What is the difference between an Ethernet and an ATM?
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Microsoft Interview Questions (Part - II)

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                                                 PART - I>>
26. Write a small lexical analyzer - interviewer gave tokens. expressions like "a*b" etc.

27. Besides communication cost what is the other source of inefficiency in RPC?
Answer : context switches, excessive buffer copying).
How can you optimise the communication? (Ans : communicate through shared memory on same machine, bypassing the kernel _ A Univ. of Wash. thesis)

28. Write a routine that prints out a 2-D array in spiral order!

29. How is the readers-writers problem solved? - using semaphores/ada .. etc.

30. Ways of optimizing symbol table storage in compilers.

31. A walk-through through the symbol table functions, lookup() implementation etc - The interv. was on the Microsoft C team.

32. A version of the "There are three persons X Y Z, one of which always lies"..  etc.. (also vending machines).

33. There are 3 ants at 3 corners of a triangle, they randomly start moving towards another corner.. what is the probability that they do not collide.

34. Write an efficient algorithm and C code to shuffle a pack of cards.. this   one was a feedback process until we came up with one with no extra     storage.

36. Some more bitwise optimization at assembly level.

37. Some general questions on Lex Yacc etc.

38. Given an array of characters. How would you reverse it?

39. How would you reverse it without using indexing in the array

40. Given a sequence of characters. How will you convert the lower case characters to upper case characters.

41. RPC Fundamentals

42. Given a linked list, which is sorted. How will u insert in sorted
way.

44. Tell me the courses you liked and why did you like them.

45. Give an instance in your life in which u were faced with a problem and you   tackled it successfully. (oops!)

46. What is your ideal working environment.

47. Why do u think u are smart???

48. Questions on the projects listed on the Resume.

49. Do you want to know any thing about the company.( Try to ask some relevant and interesting question).

50. How long do u want to stay in USA and why?
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Microsoft Interview Questions (Part - I)

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The following questions are claimed to be Microsoft interview questions. They are collected from the internet.

1. Given a rectangular (cuboidal for the puritans) cake with a rectangular piece removed (any size or orientation), how would you cut the remainder of the cake into two equal halves with one straight cut of a knife ?

2. You're given an array containing both positive and negative integers and required to find the subarray with the largest sum (O(N) a la KBL). Write a routine in C for the above.

3. Given an array of size N in which every number is between 1 and N, determine if there are any duplicates in it.  You are allowed to destroy the array if you like. How about finding both numbers – the duplicate and the missing?

4. Write a routine to draw a circle (x ** 2 + y ** 2 = r ** 2) without making use of any floating point computations at all.  

5. Given only putchar (no sprintf, itoa, etc.) write a routine putlong that prints out an unsigned long in decimal.

6. Give a one-line C expression to test whether a number is a power of 2. 

7. Given an array of characters which form a sentence of words, give an efficient algorithm to reverse the order of the words (not characters) in it.

8. How many points are there on the globe where by walking one mile south, one mile east and one mile north you reach the place where you started.

9. Give a very good method to count the number of ones in a 32 bit number. (caution: looping through testing each bit is not a solution).

10. What are the different ways to say, the value of x can be either a 0 or a 1. Apparently the if then else solution has a jump when written out in assembly.
    if (x == 0)
       y=0
    else
       y =x   
  There is a logical, arithmetic and a datastructure soln to the above  problem.

11. Reverse a linked list. (singly-linked, doubly-linked, … ) Can u reverse a singly linked list using only two pointers?

13. In an X's and 0's game (i.e. TIC TAC TOE) if you write a program for this   give a fast way to generate the moves by the computer. I mean this should   be the fastest way possible. The answer is that you need to store all possible configurations of the board and the move that is associated with that. Then it boils down to just accessing the right element and getting the corresponding move for it. Do some analysis and do some more optimization in storage since otherwise it becomes infeasible to get the required storage in a DOS machine.

14. I was given two lines of assembly code, which found the absolute value of a number stored in two's complement form. I had to recognize what the code was doing. Pretty simple if you know some assembly and some fundamentals on number representation.

15. Give a fast way to multiply a number by 7.

16. How would go about finding out where to find a book in a library. (You do not know how exactly the books are organized beforehand).

18. Tradeoff between time spent in testing a product and getting into the market first.           

19. What to test for given that there isn't enough time to test everything you   want to.

20. First some definitions for this problem:

    a) An ASCII character is one byte long and the most significant bit in the byte is always '0'.

 b) A Kanji character is two bytes long. The only characteristic of a Kanji character is that in its first byte the most significant bit is '1'. Now you are given an array of a characters (both ASCII and Kanji) and, an index into the array. The index points to the start of some character. Now you need to write a function to do a backspace (i.e. delete   the    character before the given index).

 21. Delete an element from a doubly linked list (which kind? with a dummy   header or without?)

 22. Write a function to find the depth of a binary tree.

23. Given two strings S1 and S2. Delete from S2 all those characters which occur in S1 also and finally create a clean S2 with the relevant chars deleted.

24. Assuming that locks are the only reason due to which deadlocks can occur in a system. What would be a foolproof method of avoiding deadlocks in the system. 

 25. Reverse a linked list??? Question still remains …
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